Monday, 31 December 2012

Understanding Islamic Fundamentalism and its Offshoot of Terrorism

DSC04645.JPGBy James Thembo
December 31, 2012
 
Many years ago when I was young in the village, I witnessed in public occasional fights between men. The reasons for these affrays as they are called in criminal law terms were numerous: Land ownership disagreements, non payment of debts, infidelity issues, drunken vulgarities or simply waste of time arguments on what was likely to be the day’s weather.

The fighting duo would land brutal blows on each other, neither side often not easily accepting to be flattened like they were weaklings. But other times, there was a clear loser. He would extricate himself from a rain of punches and resort to issuance of threats ranging from rushing home to pick his panga or spear to finish off the rival.

The current global threat of Islamic fundamentalism reminds me of the above scenarios, but we will make the connection later. While not all Muslims are fundamentalists and not all fundamentalists terrorists (there was Christian fundamentalism once in history), it is true that terrorism as we know it today is a derivative of Islamic extremism which has most times bred violence.

History reveals that during Europe’s Dark Ages, Islam flourished. Towards the beginning of the Middle Ages, Islam had made impressive achievements in culture, philosophy, literature, art, education medicine, technology and politics. It was a civilization that spanned a period of over 800 years.

Then, Islam started declining. Islamic popularization crusades died away. The western world made their presence in the Middle East which was Islam’s strong-hold, felt. By the 19th and 20th centuries, the west had planted seeds that sprouted into colonialism which with it was the spread of their culture. Arab Muslims attempted to create Pan-Arabism whose purpose was to reject imperialism. It failed.

Even through the cold war days, the west led by America entrenched its presence in the Middle East. They supported rogue regimes if they helped the West’s interests especially acquisition of oil. They supported the formation of the state of Israel in 1948, a thing that the Arab Muslim world in semi-official lingua still calls ‘The Catastrophe.’ The stage for hostility had been set.

It has thus been a competitive bid for dominance, like our village tussle, lost on part of the Muslim world. They have ever since suffered in anguish over lost leadership of a civilization they had taken bliss in.  Presently, many Muslim countries are impoverished and war-torn. Afghanistan is the nearest example. It has the highest child and maternal mortality rates and also the lowest literacy and life expectancy in the world. Their per capita income is bout $200 while that for the US is about $24,000.

Again, like the loosing side in the village fight might do, a chunk of the Muslim world resorted to fundamentalism and with it, terrorism. To them, America is a ‘Great Satan.’ America’s allies, wherever they are in the eyes of the same fundamentalist terrorists, are smaller satans which, like their master, must be dealt with. They have issued many threats and delivered on numerous. America alone has suffered more than five full-size terrorist attacks since 1993, the worst being the bombing of the twin towers in 2001 which housed the World Trade Center in New York.

Uganda, more than ever before, is in this tough mix. We are a terrorist target (especially after we sent our soldiers to Somalia in an African Union arrangement.) Reason? We are a friend of America. We are also a buffer against the spread of Islamic fundamentalism and terrorism in the Great Lakes Region. Al-Shabaab, a Somalia-based terror group in terms of possible revenge knows no African Union or Amison, the umbrella AU force in Somalia. They know Uganda and Burundi, countries that answered a deployment call to Mogadishu at the earliest.

They, and a few other voices argue we are fighting America’s war there especially with the background that America tried in 1993 to get to Somalia directly but failed. Three of their helicopters were downed. Uganda was to be a joint target with Kenya and Tanzania when American embassies were hit in 1998. We survived because our security services were proactively alert.
The fates were against us on Sunday July 11, 2010  when Kampala was hit by twin bomb blasts that left 76 people dead and many other injured. It is essential that other African countries beef up Uganda and Burundi in Somalia. To withdraw would be cowardly. It would swell Al-shabaab’s pride and operations.

We hope that the African Union summit presently sitting in Kampala acts aptly. In the meantime, we have to do the proactive basics: Hurriedly fix CCTV cameras around town, be stringent on immigrants, pace up the national identity card project and be heedful and suspicious.


James Thembo is a Journalist


No comments:

Post a Comment